[ Suspected Wilms Tumor ] │ ┌────────────────┴────────────────┐ ▼ ▼ [ COG Protocol ] [ SIOP Protocol ] │ │ Primary Surgery Preoperative Chemotherapy (Upfront Nephrectomy) (Vincristine + Actinomycin D) │ │ Anatomic Staging Delayed Nephrectomy │ │ Adjuvant Therapy Postoperative Therapy

Hematogenous metastases present. Most commonly involves the lungs, followed by the liver, bone, and brain.

Characterized by W ilms tumor, A niridia, G enitourinary anomalies, and intellectual disability ( R etardation). It is driven by a microdeletion on chromosome 11p13, encompassing the WT1 gene and the adjacent PAX6 gene (responsible for aniridia).

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Low-grade fever, anemia, and weight loss. Diagnostic Workup

Indicated only for bilateral tumors (Stage V) or patients with a solitary kidney to maximize long-term renal function. Chemotherapy Regimens

Radical nephrectomy is the gold standard. Great care is taken to avoid tumor rupture, which increases the stage to Stage III.

For a fresh and engaging PowerPoint presentation on Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), focus on the and recent advancements in molecular risk stratification . Wilms tumor is the most common kidney cancer in children, typically diagnosed between ages 3 and 5. 1. The "Rule of 10s" for Clinical Presentation

: For bilateral cases, doctors now prioritize "kidney-sparing" surgery to preserve as much renal function as possible. 4. Interesting "Quick Facts"

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Modern treatment is risk-stratified based on stage and histology.

The gold standard for identifying pulmonary metastases. 4. Histopathology: Favorable vs. Unfavorable