The Unicode / Alt Code symbols on this page are free to copy and use in your documents. Simply copy the symbol of your choice from the screen and pasted it onto your document. Certain symbols may not be compatible with all operating systems and may not appear on your document as they appear on this screen
↑ ↓ → ← ↔ ▲ ▼ ► ◄ △ ⇿ ⇾ ⇽ ⇼ ⇻ ⇺ ⇹ ⇸ ⇶ ⇵ ⇳ ⇲ ⇱ ⇪ ⇩ ⇨ ⇧ ⇦⇥ ⇤ ⇣ ⇢ ⇡ ⇠⇛⇚⇙ ⇘ ⇗ ⇖ ⇕ ⇔ ⇓ ⇒ ⇑ ⇐ ⇌ ⇋ ⥊ ⥋ ⇆ ⇅ ⇄ ↻ ↺ ↹ ↷ ↶ ↵ ↴ ↳ ↲ ↱ ↰ ↮ ↬ ↫ ↨ ↧ ↦ ↥ ↤ ↛ ↚ ↙ ↘ ↗ ↖ ↕
• ‣ ⁃ ◘ ◦ ⦾ ⦿ ✓ ✔ ☑ ☒ ⦿ ⦾ ✪ ☓ ✖ « » ✗ ❞ ❝
♲ ♳ ♴ ♵ ♶ ♷ ♸ ♹ ♺ ♻ ♼ ♽
© ℗ ⓒ ® ™
℃ ℉ °
♡ ♥ ❤ ∞☺☻♂ ♀ ☯
♩ ♪ ♫ ♭ ♮ ♯ 𝄪 𝄆 𝄇 𝄈 𝄐 𝄑 𝄒 𝆒 𝆓 𝄫 𝄞 𝄢 𝄡
¼ ½ ¾ ⅓ ⅔ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ≈ > ≥ ≧ ≩ ≫ ≳ ⋝ ÷ ∕ ± ∓ ≂ ⊟ ⊞ ⨁ ⨤ ⨦ % ∟∠∡ ⊾⟀ ⦜ ⦛ ⦠ √ ∛ ∜ ⍍ ≡ ≢ ⧥ ⩧ ⅀ ◊ ⟠ ⨌⨍⨏ ⨜ ⨛ ◜ ◝ ◞ ◟ ⤸ ⤹ ◆ ◇ ❖ ○ ◍ ● ◐ ◑ ◒ ◓ ◔ ◕ ◖ ◗ ⬡ ⬢ ‰ ⁿ ¹ ² ³ § ∞ ㅅ ⌖ ◧ ◨ ◩ ◪ ▢ ▣ ▤ ▥ ▦ ▧ ▨ ▩ ▪ ▫ ▬ ▭ ▮ ▯ ▰ ▱ ◆ ◇ ◈ ◉ ◊ ○ ◌ ◎ ◘ ◙ ◚ ◛ ◜ ◝ ◞ ◟ ◠ ◡ ◢ ◣ ◤ ◥ ◦ ◫ ◬ ◭ ◮ ◯ ▲ △ ▴ ▵ ▶ ▷ ▸ ▹ ► ▻ ▼ ▽ ▾ ▿ ◀ ◁ ◂ ◃ ◄ ◅
£ € $ ¢ ¥ ƒ ₧ ؋ ₳ ฿ ₵ ₡ ₢ ₫ ₯ ₠ ₣ ₲ ₴ ₭ ₺ ℳ ₥ ₦ ₱ ₰ 元 圆 圓 ﷼ ₹ ₨ ₪ ₸ ₮ ₩ ¥ 円
α Α ß Β γ Γ δ Δ ε Ε ζ Ζ η Η θ ϴ ι Ι κ Κ λ Λ μ Μ ν Ν ξ Ξ ο Ο π Π ρ Ρ σ Σ τ Τ ϒ Υ φ ϕ ψ Ψ ω Ω
⋆ ✢ ✥ ✦ ✧ ❂ ❉ ✱ ✲ ✴ ✵ ✶ ✷ ✸ ❇ ✹ ✺ ✻ ✼ ❈ ✮ ✡
♒ ♓ ♈ ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ ♍ ♎ ♏ ♐ ♑
☼ ☽ ☾ ❅ ❆ ϟ ☀ ☁ ☂ ☃ ☄ ☼
♔ ♚ ♕ ♛ ♗ ♝ ♘ ♞ ♙ ♟ ♖ ♜
⌀⌁⌂⍳⍴ ⍵ ⍶ ⍷ ⍸ ⍹ ⍺ ⌃⌄⌅⌆⌇⌈⌉⌊⌋⌌⌍⌎⌏⌐⌑⌒⌓⌔⌕⌖⌗⌘⌙⌚⌛⌜⌝⌞⌟⌠⌡⌢⌣⌤ ⌥ ⌦⌧⌫⌬⌭⌮⌯⌰⌱⌲⌳⌴⌵⌶⌿⍀⍁ ⍂ ⍃ ⍄ ⍅ ⍆ ⍇ ⍈ ⍉ ⍊ ⍋ ⍌ ⍍ ⍎ ⍏ ⍐ ⍒ ⍓ ⍔ ⍕ ⍖ ⍗ ⍘ ⍙ ⍚ ⍜ ⍝ ⍞ ⍟ ⍠ ⍡ ⍢ ⍣ ⍤ ⍥ ⍦ ⍧ ⍨ ⍩ ⍪ ⍫ ⍬ ⍭ ⍮ ⍯ ⍰ ⌷ ⌸ ⌹ ⌺ ⌻ ⌼ ⍱ ﹘﹝﹞
⓪ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ
Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ Ⓔ Ⓕ Ⓖ Ⓗ Ⓘ Ⓙ Ⓚ Ⓛ Ⓜ Ⓝ Ⓞ Ⓟ Ⓠ Ⓡ Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓤ Ⓥ Ⓦ Ⓧ Ⓨ Ⓩ
: For general information on autopsies and their procedures, academic resources and medical journals can provide valuable insights.
The police investigation into van Vuuren's death was led by the South African Police Service (SAPS), with assistance from forensic experts and pathologists. The autopsy report, which was compiled by the post-mortem examination team, provided critical insights into the circumstances surrounding his death.
: Articles in medical journals or educational websites that describe the autopsy process, its legal and medical implications, and its role in public health.
While a formal public "autopsy report" is rarely released in full, historical and medical accounts from sources like the Motorsport Memorial
The "autopsy" or medical context of this event often includes the driver, Tom Pryce, because the 40-pound (18 kg) fire extinguisher Van Vuuren was carrying struck Pryce in the head. This resulted in:
while crossing the Kyalami circuit to assist with a car fire. Pryce was traveling at approximately 270 km/h (170 mph) at the time of impact. Documented Medical Details
The tragedy began with a minor fire in Renzo Zorzi’s car. Van Vuuren and a fellow marshal ran across the track to assist, carrying heavy fire extinguishers. As they crossed a blind rise, Pryce’s car struck Van Vuuren at approximately 170 mph (270 km/h). The Medical Reality
While the formal, handwritten state autopsy documents remain restricted within South African state archives, the extensive forensic findings presented to the race directors and subsequent medical inquiries detailed the absolute destruction of the human body under extreme kinetic force. 1. Extreme Dismemberment and Multi-System Trauma
The death of remains one of the most harrowing moments in Formula 1 history. While a single official "autopsy report" is not publicly circulated in the same way as modern high-profile cases, the immediate findings from the 1977 South African Grand Prix medical staff and the physical evidence from the scene documented the catastrophic nature of his injuries. The Incident (March 5, 1977)
Seeing the fire, Jansen van Vuuren and a fellow marshal, 25-year-old William "Bill," sprinted across the live track from the pit wall to assist Zorzi. They crossed without official clearance from race control.
at Kyalami. While official autopsy reports from 1977 are not typically available for public download, the nature of his injuries and the cause of death are well-documented through historical race reports and witness accounts. Overview of the Incident 1977 South African Grand Prix, Lap 22. Circumstance:
The physical forces involved in the impact were immense. Medical experts estimate that the sudden transfer of energy upon impact generated well over . 1. Frederik Jansen van Vuuren